What the Foreign Ministry Said
The announcement came on Friday. In a statement, the foreign ministry said it had acted on findings from the country's security authorities. All four diplomats were declared personae non gratae and told to leave Austria.

Three of the four worked at Russia's embassy in Austria. The fourth was part of the Russian delegation to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), where the focus is on military security and arms control. The Russian embassy had not replied to a request for comment at the time of reporting.

Austria is a neutral country, but its governments have taken Ukraine's side politically since Russia launched its all-out invasion in 2022. Vienna rarely explains the details behind such expulsions. The last round, in May, was an exception. Three Russian diplomats were removed then, and officials pointed to an "antenna forest" on the roofs of Russian diplomatic buildings that could be used for spying.

Why Vienna Is a Spy Hotspot
There is a reason these cases keep surfacing in the Austrian capital. Vienna is a major diplomatic centre, home to the OSCE as well as United Nations organisations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency. Bigger powers like Russia and the United States often keep separate ambassadors for Austria, the OSCE and the UN bodies, each running its own embassy or mission.

That crowded diplomatic scene gives intelligence agents a handy cover. Diplomatic immunity protects them, and a large international presence makes it easier to blend in. Vienna was split into Allied sectors after World War Two, and it has carried a reputation as a den of spies ever since.