Poland has been experiencing steady migration pressure on its eastern border since late 2021. Thousands of migrants from the Middle East and Africa attempted to cross into Poland from Belarus at that time. Poland has blamed Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko (who is aligned with Russian President Vladimir Putin) for facilitating the influx of migrants in an attempt to destabilize EU member states.

Continued Migration Pressure on Poland's Eastern Borders
In its latest revision of legislation, Poland's Ministry of Interior has proposed extending the exclusion zone for an additional three months due to "persistent migratory pressure." Polish border guards have documented an estimated 30,000 illicit entries into Poland from Belarus in 2025 alone. Poland claims that it is imperative to maintain the exclusion zone to allow Polish authorities to deal with the ongoing threat of migration and to assist border security forces located in the area with continued enforcement of the exclusion zone.

The exclusion zone is a restricted area, limiting access to the designated border and which in turn gives Poland the ability to monitor and respond to illegal crossing attempts. The Polish government maintains that the restriction on a restricted zone is required to curb any additional unauthorized entry attempts into Poland and to impede the activities of human traffickers operating near the Polish-Belarusian border.

New Security Concerns and the Removal of the Exclusion Zone
In addition to continued migration issues, Poland's Ministry of Interior has identified new security concerns. Reports have recently emerged detailing the increase in incidents of meteorological balloons that cross into Poland from Belarus and drop packages of contraband (primarily cigarette products). The Ministry of Interior indicated that there has been an increase in the occurrence of this activity and that the Polish border enforcement agencies are required to intervene.

In 2025, the Polish border enforcement agency reported over 135 instances of smuggling cigarettes via balloons from Belarus into Poland. The value of the contraband goods was approximately 3.5 million zloty or roughly 800,000 euros. The Polish government argues that the smuggling changes justify keeping the exclusion zone in place.

Despite opposition from various human rights organizations that argue that the exclusion zone restricts border forests to aid workers and vulnerable migrants, and the assertion of NGO's that dozens of migrants have died in the border region due to illegal pushbacks, the Polish government has concluded that the extension of the exclusion zone is required to protect the nation and to manage the ongoing threat of illicit cross border traffic into the country.